变声期嗓音的声学特征分析

摘要

Objective To analysis the voice characteristics and differences between genders and ages of mutation period. Methods The voice samples were collected from 1 028 subjects that during the mutation period without voice disorders. They were divided into three groups according to the agc:127 male and 132 female aged between 10 ~12 years in the prcmutation group, 234 male and 233 female aged between 13~16 years in the mutation group, 122 male and 180 female aged between 17~20 years in the post mutation group. The objective parameters ,including fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) were measured mainly on a sustained vowel / a:/ were recorded on a windows software named Kay. Results The values of F0 were different significantly between male and female . The normal reference values of F0: the prcmutation period: male 270. 90 + 27. 39,-female 287. 54 + 25. 51 ;group A of mutation period: male 197. 74 + 43. 09, female 259. 54 + 25. 99; group B: male 178. 38 + 46. 75, female 254. 91+22. 24 ;postmutation period: male 148. 97 + 25. 08,female 255. 45 + 25. 01. Jitt had obvious diffcrcncc(P<0. 05) between male and female of the same age in addition to the group A. The values of female were greater than that of male. NHR had obvious diffcrcncc(P<0. 01) between the group A and the group B of the same sex in the mutation period. The values of the group A were greater than that of the group B. Conclusion From the prcmutation period F0 had a significant difference between male and female. Although NHR showed no gender diffcrencs, it was an important parameter to judge the vioce feature.%目的 分析变声期各年龄段嗓音声学特点和差异.方法 1 028例变声期无嗓音疾病的青少年根据年龄分为三组,变声前期组(10~12岁)259例,男127例,女132例;变声中期组(13~16岁)467例,男234例,女233例,该组再分为A组(发声轻度沙哑、音调不稳定者,男66例,女70例)和B组(无明显发声沙哑、音调稳定者,男168例,女163例);变声后期组(17~20岁)302例,男122例,女180例.采用美国Kay公司多维嗓音分析软件,比较各组发长元音/α:/的基频(F0)、基频微扰( jitter )、振幅微扰( shimmer )、振幅扰动商(APQ)、噪/谐比(NHR).结果 各年龄段男女间F0差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),变声中期组中同性别NHR值A组高于B组(P<0.05).结论 从变声前期开始嗓音F0即出现性别差异,均为女性高于男性;NHR无性别差异,但可作为衡量变声中期嗓音质量的重要指标.