中国内地新生儿听力筛查情况的回顾性分析

摘要

目的 回顾性分析中国内地新生儿听力筛查工作开展现状及相关统计指标,探讨存在的主要问题并提出前瞻性建议.方法 通过PUBMED、CBMdisc数据库及互联网检索1998～2008年间发表的有关中国内地新生儿听力筛查文献,设定标准筛选文献,使用SPSS13.0软件对相关数据行统计分析,并对结果进行系统评价.结果 共纳入符合标准文献129篇,合计筛查新生儿705 394例.明确对象为普通病房新生儿的耳聋合并发病率为0.20％(880/447 604),新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)新生儿的耳聋合并发病率为2.29％(79/3 446);新生儿聋病发病率男女间无差别；出生后72小时初筛通过率高于出生后48小时(P＜0.05)；存在高危因素新生儿的耳聋发病率高于正常儿(P＜0.05)；高危因素组间比较显示存在耳聋家族史及颌面畸形的新生儿耳聋发病率最高(P＜0.05).结论 新生儿出生后72小时为初筛最佳时间；有耳聋家族史及颌面畸形新生儿耳聋发病率最高.目前国内新生儿听力筛查工作需要统一筛查手段、方法和程序,加强随诊.%Objective To review the published articles on neonatal hearing screening in China during 10 years and to study the epidemiological characteristics. Methods The papers from Cbmdisc databases, PUBMED and internet were collected on the neonatal hearing screening from 1998 to 2008. We undertook meta-analysis to identify the epidemiological information. Results 129 published articles on neonatal hearing screening were collected. Total 705 394 infants had received screening. There were no significant differences in hearing impairment incidence between males and females. The incidence of hearing impairment in general wards was 0. 20% and in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was 2. 29%. There was a significant difference between them (P<0. 05). It was found that the best preliminary screening time was 72 hours of postnatal and various risk factors display different effects. Conclusion The systematic analysis of main epidemiological data has shown us that the neonatal hearing screening in China is being implemented. However, problems associated with inconsistent screening procedures, limited samples, inadequate follow- ups dictate the need for further improvement.