Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .%目的：研究新疆地区汉族与维吾尔族发展性阅读障碍（developmental dyslexia ，DD）儿童的阅读环境影响因素差异，为不同种族阅读障碍儿童的防治和干预提供理论依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法，抽取新疆地区5所维汉双语学校3～6年级儿童2854名，采用儿童学习障碍筛查量表（the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disability ，PRS）、儿童汉语阅读障碍量表（the dyslexia checklist for Chinese dhildren ，DCCC）、儿童维语阅读障碍量表（the dyslexia checklist for uyghur children ，DCUC）以及家庭背景和家庭阅读环境调查表对这2854名儿童进行调查，并用中国韦氏儿童智力量表（China－wechsler intelligence scale for children ，C－WISC）进行智力测试，依据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD－10）和精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版（DSM －IV）对阅读障碍的定义，逐层筛选汉族和维吾尔族阅读障碍儿童，利用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析对其阅读环境危险因素进行评定。结果共收回有效调查问卷2348份，汉族儿童阅读障碍的阳性筛出率为3．89％（45／1156），维吾尔族儿童为7．05％（84／1192），差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）；单因素分析显示在年级、家庭收入、父母的职业、母亲的文化程度和部分家庭阅读环境因素上汉族阅读障碍儿童的阳性筛查率显著低于维族阅读障碍儿童（P＜0．05）；多因素分析显示当儿童处于五年级（P＜0．05，OR＝1．47，CI 95％：1．17～1．85）、父亲的职业为党政机构和政府人员（P＜0．05，OR＝1．86，CI 95％：1．16～2．99）、母亲的职业为党政机构和政府人员（P＜0．05，OR＝2．99，CI 95％：1．66～5．39）、母亲的文化水平为大专（P＜0．05，OR＝2．46，CI 95％：1．77～3．40）时，汉族儿童发生DD的危险性显著低于维族儿童。结论新疆维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍的阳性筛出率高于汉族儿童；家庭社会经济地位尤其是母亲的职业对两个民族儿童阅读障碍阳性筛出率的差异影响最为显著，文化程度高的母亲更有可能培养儿童良好的阅读能力，且汉族儿童母亲的这种作用较维族儿童显著，而家庭阅读环境的影响并不明显。
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