纳米铝对硝基甲烷快速反应的催化研究

摘要

在入射激波作用下,利用瞬态光谱测试系统研究了纳米铝对硝基甲烷快速反应的影响,对快速反应过程中产生的NO_2、CO、CO_2、CH_2O、H_2O、AlO等主要产物的出现时间和辐射强度进行了测量.研究发现:添加纳米铝(1 g)后,硝基甲烷(1 mL)点火延迟时间提前了60%;其它产物的出现时间缩短了46%～60%,辐射强度增强了30%～100%;激波速度和反应温度分别提高了1.4和2.2倍.结果表明纳米铝明显加快了硝基甲烷快速反应过程,并使其爆炸效率大大提高.由实验观察到的结果,结合热力学和动力学方面的分析,对纳米铝催化硝基甲烷快速反应的机理进行了探索性的分析.此研究将有助于深入了解新型燃料空气炸药(FAE)反应的微观机理.%Fast reactions between nitromethane and aluminum nanoparticles have been studied in incident shock waves. The emergence time and emission spectra intensity of partial products, such as NO_2、CO、CO_2、CH_2O、H_2O and AlO were observed by transient spectral methods. In comparison to species produced by pure nitromethane, emergence time for species produced by nitromethane (1ml) after addition of nano-aluminum (1g) decrease by 46～60% and the emission intensity increase by 30～100%, the shockwave diffusion velocity and reaction temperature increase by 1.4 times and 2.2 times, respectively. The results demonstrate that nano-aluminum have positive effect on accelerating the decomposition rate of nitromethane and that the explosion efficiency of nitromethane was greatly improved. Based on the experimental results, combined with thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, the exploratory studies on fast reaction of nitromethane calytized by nano-nanoparticles were discussed. The investigation may provide insights into the process occurring in actual systems involving fuel air explosives (FAE).