载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计

摘要

Manned spacecrafts usually use active thermal control system to dissipate waste heat through pumped single phase fluid loops. The design tasks of active thermal control system including loop schemes, selection of working fluid, components of loops, system parameters and control algorithms are analyzed. Principles of the system design including adaptability requirements, safety requirements, reliability requirements as well as economic requirements are presented. It is pointed out that design of thermal control system is equivalent to a constrained optimization problem with objective to minimize the total weight. The design method is also introduced and discussed. Finally, the design process and a case are given.Manned spacecrafts usually use active thermal control system to dissipate waste heat through pumped single phase fluid loops. The design tasks of active thermal control system including loop schemes, selection of working fluid, components of loops, system parameters and control algorithms are analyzed. Principles of the system design including adaptability requirements, safety requirements, reliability requirements as well as economic requirements are presented. It is pointed out that design of thermal control system is equivalent to a constrained optimization problem with objective to minimize the total weight. The design method is also introduced and discussed. Finally, the design process and a case are given.%载人航天器一般采用主动热控制技术为主的热控制系统,废热的排散主要通过泵驱动单相流体回路.分析了主动热控制系统的主要设计任务,如系统方案、工质的选择、回路部件的选型、系统参数的确定、控制算法等；提出了主动热控制系统方案及参数选择应满足适应性要求、安全性要求、可靠性要求以及经济性要求,指出主动热控制系统的设计是一个以系统总体质量最小为目标的约束优化问题,并讨论了优化设计的思路与实现流程.最后基于一个具体的设计案例对设计方法进行了验证.