废印刷电路板有价金属分离回收技术研究进展及展望

摘要

With the rapid development of electronics industry, a great quantity of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been generated. Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is an important component in the WEEE,and contains a large quantity of valuable metals.Traditional recycling technologies of waste PCBs,focusing on the recycling of precious metals(e.g.,gold,silver,platinum and palladium),cause problems such as polluting the environment and wasting resources.In addition to precious metals,there are a lot of other valuable metals in the waste PCBs(e.g.,copper,zinc,nickel,lead and tin etc.),but comprehensive separation and recovery of these valuable metals in waste PCBs is still a challenge.It is urgent to develop comprehensive recycling technologies to recover valuable metals from waste PCBs, to realize harmless and resourceful treatment of waste PCBs. This paper overviews current status and recent advances in the technologies for recycling and separation of valuable metals from waste PCBs in China and abroad.Some suggestions on recycling of valuable metals in waste PCBs are also proposed.%电子工业的迅速发展使得大量的电子废弃物产生,印刷电路板是电子废弃物的重要组成部分,含有大量的有价金属.传统的废印刷电路板金属回收技术以贵金属(金、银、铂、钯)再利用为主,回收过程中存在环境污染和资源浪费等问题.废印刷电路板中除贵金属外,其他有价金属(如,铜、锌、镍、铅和锡等)也有巨大的回收价值,但综合分离回收难度大,亟待解决废印刷电路板无害化、资源化的有价金属综合回收问题.为此,对国内外废印刷电路板中金属回收工艺和有价金属分离方法的最新研究进展进行综述,并提出废印刷电路板中有价金属资源化回收的发展建议.