语法构式与修辞构式的衍变关系例说∗

摘要

语法构式与修辞构式共处于同一个连续统中，之间不可能有一个分明的界线，重“通”或重“工”的语用功能是分别构式性质的前提。修辞构式必有语法构式的依托，语法构式衍变为修辞构式基于构式词变、义变、式变等多种因素的相互作用，是构式意义压制的必然后果。修辞构式向新的语法构式的转化是语法类推机制作用的结果，修辞构式有限的能产性磨蚀了构式不可推导性的根基，也成为衍生新的非典型语法构式的基础。%There is no clear boundary between grammatical structure and rhetorical structure,since they exist in a same continuum.Pragmatic functions are premises to distinguish the property of structure.Rhetorical structure should be based on a grammatical structure,and grammatical structure develop to a rhetorical structure which was caused by the suppres-sion of structural meaning,the interaction among the changes of words,meaning and structures etc.Rhetorical structure changes to a new grammatical structure,which is the result of grammatical analogy mechanism.Limited production of rhetorical structure shakes the basis of structural quality of un-analogy,and becomes the basis of a new uncharacteristic grammatical structure.