秸秆处理方式及灌溉水源对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性动态变化的影响

摘要

[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of "straw returning and non-returning" and "irrigated with ground water and water in the Yellow River" on changes of enzyme activity in soils under wheat in different developmental stages. [Method] Jimai 22, a kind of winter wheat, was made use of in fields to study on effects of "straw returning and non-returning" and "irrigated with ground water and water in the Yellow Kiver" on changes of enzyme activity in soils under wheat in different developmental stages. [Result] With advancement of developmental stage, urease activity of wheat in the four groups all showed the trend of "increasing-decreasing-increasing" and activities of invertase and phosphatase both changed from increasing to decreasing. In addition, urease activities of soils in wheat roots were improved by straw returning in four developmental stages. Meanwhile, activity of soil enzyme was better promoted by irrigation with ground water than with water in the Yellow River, except in grain-filling stage. Beture developmental siage, different processing methods bad significant effect on phospbaiase activity , for example, straw returning and ground water significantly enhanced activities of two kinds of phosphatase and promoted P absorption and transferring by plants and microorganisms in jointing stage; activity of acid phosphatase was higher in the group where irrigation with ground water and straw returning were adopted than those in the rest three groups in booting stage. [Conclusion] The research laid a foundation for dynamic relationship among activity of soil enzyme, crop growth and microorganisms.%[目的]研究“秸秆还田或不还田”与“地下水或黄河水灌溉”对小麦各生育壤土壤酶活性动态变化的影响.[方法]以冬小麦济麦22号为试验材料,采用大田种植试验,研究“秸秆还田或不还田”与“地下水或黄河水灌溉”对冬小麦各生育期根际土壤酶活性的动态变化的影响.[结果]随着生育期的推进,各处理的小麦根际脲酶活性总体呈“上升-下降-上升”的折线变化趋势,转化酶活性和磷酸酶活性总体均成先上升后下降的变化趋势.秸秆还田处理在4个生育期均不同程度的提高了小麦根际脲酶活,同时,除灌浆期外,地下水灌溉比黄河水灌溉更利于小麦根际酶活性的提高.各处理对小麦转化酶活性影响不明显.生育前期,各处理对小麦根际磷酸酶活性的影响较大,在拔节期,秸秆还田处理和地下水灌溉处理能显著提高2种磷酸酶的活性,促进植物和微生物对磷素的吸收和转运；孕穗期地-还处理下土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性显著高于另外3种处理方式.[结论]该研究结果为分析土壤酶活性与作物生长及土壤根际微生物之间存在的动态变化关系奠定了基础.