[目的]研究不同基因型玉米(Zea mays L.)单倍体在春夏不同播期条件下的自然加倍效果,为玉米单倍体育种的应用提供参考.[方法]选取6个不同材料来源的玉米杂交组合178/137、郑58/7319、8102/6213、478/6231、7922/T 138、5312/4122作为母本材料,散粉期用单倍体诱导系高诱一号作为父本进行杂交,成熟收获后根据籽粒标记挑选出准单倍体籽粒.将得到的各个材料的准单倍体籽粒分别于2011年5月2日(春播)和6月15日(夏播)种植在试验基地,观察测定其散粉率、育性自然恢复率和结实株率等.[结果]不同基因型玉米单倍体在春夏不同播期条件处理下自然加倍效果具有明显的差异:显花散粉率最高为57.72％,最低为5.83％,平均为31.81％；自交结实率最高为6.8％,最低为3.3％,平均为5.1％.不同材料来源的玉米单倍体夏播和春播的显花散粉率平均分别为34.24％、29.37％,夏播比春播高4.87％；自交结实率夏播明显高于春播.[结论]夏播更利于玉米单倍体的自然加倍.%[Objective] The aim was to study the natural doubling effect of different genotype maize haploid under different sowing times in spring and summer, and provides a reference for applying of maize haploid breeding. [ Method] Haploid grains- to-be obtained by crossing of using different genotypes of maize hybridized combinations, 178/137, Zheng 58/7319, 8102/6213, 478/6231, 7922/TI38, 5312/4122 as female and Gaoyou No. 1 as male were chose according to mark after maturity. Haploid grains-to-be were planted in May 2th and June 15th, 2011, and then shedding rate of flower, sterility natural recovery rate and fruiting plant ratio and so on. [ Result] The different genotypes of maize haploids' natural doubling effect at sowing times in spring and summer had obvious differences: The maximum of shedding rate of flower 57.72%, the minimum 5.83% , the average 31. 81% ; The maximum of self-fertilized seed setting rate 6. 8% , the minimum 3.3% , the average 5.1%. Shedding rate of flower of different maize haploids planting in summer and spring were 34. 24% , 29. 37% respectively, and that of planting in summer was more than that of planting in spring by 4. 87% ; The self-fertilized seed setting rate planting in summer was also higher than that of planting in spring. [ Conclusion ] Summer planting is more conducive to natural doubling of maize haploid.
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