我国食用菌新害虫--泰纳异蚤蝇（Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney）

摘要

The morphological characteristics and life habit of a new pest hazard edible fungus Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney were observed. Then,under natural conditions and 27℃constant temperature,we reared and observed M.tamilnaduensis.Results showed that its female-male ra-tio was about 2.57∶1.Under 27 ℃,7-10 segments of females abdomen stretched due to high environmental humidity and nutrient.The develop-ment time of a generation lasted 21-25 d.Among them,eggs lasted 1 d;larval stage lasted for 5-7 d;pupae stage lasted for 6-8 d.Adult male could survive for 4-6 days,and females for 5-8 d.Larvae shuttled in mycelium and fungous materials,and fed on them.Pupation took place on the surface of fungous materials in relatively dry place;then emergence,adult mate and laying eggs also took place in the mycelium.The suitable temperature and humidity of larvae were 14-27 ℃ and 60%-80%.Major damage was Pleurotus ostreatus in Shenyang,the average hazard rate of mushroom house was 25%,fungus bag hazard rate was 10%,and severe cases were up to 20%.%首先对危害我国食用菌的新害虫———泰纳异蚤蝇（Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney）的形态特征和生活习性进行观察，其次在自然条件及27℃恒温条件下进行饲养观察。结果表明，其雌雄比例约为2．57∶1。当温度为27℃时，雌虫因环境湿度和养分较大，其腹部第7～10节会伸开。该虫的生活周期为21～25 d，其中卵期1 d，幼虫阶段为5～7 d，蛹期持续6～8 d，雄性成虫可存活4～6 d，雌虫可存活5～8d。幼虫会在菌丝和菌料之间穿梭蛀食，在菌料表层相对干燥的地方化蛹，羽化后交配，并产卵于菌包的菌丝上。幼虫的适宜温度为14～27℃，适宜湿度为60％～80％。在沈阳地区主要危害平菇，菇房平均危害率为25％，菌包危害率为10％，严重者可达20％。