冬小麦'一水千斤'栽培模式养分运筹研究

摘要

[目的]研究冬小麦"一水千斤"栽培模式下的养分管理方式.[方法]试验在赵县韩村镇韩村进行,播种前、收获后采集2m土体土样,测定土样的全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和存储量.[结果]2m土层中全氮和有效磷的含量变化幅度较大,全氮的含量主要集中在0~40 cm土层,而有效磷的含量主要集中在0~20 cm土层;速效钾含量2 m土体纵向变化幅度较小,80 cm土层以下速效钾含量虽有所减少,但含量比较稳定;冬小麦全生育期内2m土体全氮和有效磷存储量呈盈余状况,有效磷存储量呈亏缺状态.[结论]无论是"一水千斤"栽培模式还是常规栽培模式,麦田土壤养分运筹应适当减少氮磷肥用量,增加钾肥用量.%[Objective]Nutrients management rule of cultivating mode with "thousand catties by watering once" was studied for winter wheat. [Method]The experiment was carried out in Hancun Village ,Hancun Town,Zhaoxian County.Soil samples were taken from 2 m soil layer ,total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content and storage quantity were measured before sowing and after harvesting.[Result] Range of content of nitrogen and phosphorus in 2 m soil depth was larger, the content of total nitrogen was mainly concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the content of effective phosphorus was in the 0-20 cm soil layer; The content of available potassium in 2 m longitudinal soil depth changed at a less extent.The content of available potassium under the 80 cm soil was decreased, but it was relatively stable;total nitrogen and phosphorus storage in 2 m soil depth was in surplus while the effective phosphorus storage was deficient in the whole growth period for winter wheat.[Conclusion] The study confirmed that whether the mode of winter wheat with "thousand catties by watering once" or conventional culti-vation mode, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced properly and that of potassium fertilizer be increased according to wheat soil nutrient management.