碳排放权交易政府监管的必要性与可行性分析

摘要

碳排放权交易作为一种碳减排经济刺激手段，具有双重功效。既有利于减缓气候变化，又有利于保障能源安全。然而，完全自由放任的碳排放权交易会因为市场固有的缺陷而引发金融风险，如碳排放权的社会分配不公和碳排放权交易的不完全竞争。因此，政府监管应贯穿于碳排放权交易的始终。碳排放权交易市场发育尚未成熟时，政府需要培育市场良性运行的外部条件；市场逐步成熟时，市场将取代政府起基础调节作用；市场失灵时，政府能纠正这一失灵。%As a carbon emission reduction of economic stimulus,carbon emission permits trade has a double effect,which is not only conducive to mitigate climate change,but also beneficial to ensure energy security.However,totally free of carbon emissions permits trade will lead to financial risk because of the inherent flaws in the market,such as unfairness of social distribution of carbon emission permits and imperfect competition of carbon emission permits trade.Therefore,government supervision should always be throughout the carbon emissions permits trade.The government needs to nurture external conditions of the market benign running when the development of the carbon emissions permits trade market is not yet mature, it will play a fundamental regulatory role to replace the government when the market matures,and the government can correct it when the market fails.