基于单片机的棉花打顶机打顶高度的控制研究

摘要

打顶是棉花生产过程中一个重要的环节,可以去除顶端优势,提高棉铃的数量和质量.人工打顶的劳动强度大,导致人力成本上升,成为棉花生产全程机械化的瓶颈.研制作业精准度高、适用性广的棉花自动打顶机械可以解决上述问题,具有广阔的应用前景.为此,研制了一种基于单片机的棉花打顶高度控制系统,采用超声波和传感器进行株高测量,包括控制模块、株高测量装置、速度感应装置、升降装置和打顶装置.室内的适应性检验结果表明,该系统对70~95cm高度范围内的棉花植株具有较好的适应性.该控制系统装载在3MDZ-1型棉花打顶机上,田间试验结果表明:在3.0km/h速度下的打顶效率最高,打顶率达到88%,每小时能够完成约0.7km2面积的棉花打顶作业.该系统结构设计合理,实用性和适应性较好,可以作为棉花生产全程机械化的技术支撑.%Topping is an important part of the cotton production process, you can remove the top edge, improve the number and quality of bolls.Labor topping the labor intensity, resulting in rising labor costs, as the full mechanization of cotton production bottlenecks.Therefore, the development of high precision, wide applicability of cotton automatic topping machinery can solve these problems, has broad application prospects.In this paper, a control system based on single chip microcomputer is designed.Ultrasonic and sensor are used to measure the height of the plant.The components include the control module, the height measuring device, the speed sensing device, the lifting device and the topping device.The adaptability test showed that the system had a good adaptability to the cotton plants in the height range of 70-95 cm.The control system was loaded on the 3MDZ-1 type cotton top-dressing machine.The field test results showed that the topping efficiency was the highest at the speed of 3.0km / h, the topping rate was 88%, and the cotton area was about 0.7km2 per hour.Top job.The system structure design is reasonable, practical and adaptable, can be used as cotton production throughout the mechanization of technical support.