传统单一的形态学品种鉴定方法难以有效区分或鉴别葡萄众多品种,优良品种或品系多来源于少数骨干亲本,由于在性状上表现出较高的相似性而难以区分.本研究选用1 1个碱基组成的随机引物对欧亚葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)品种进行随机扩增的DNA多态性(RAPD)分析,根据特异性谱带构建相应的图谱关系,通过人工绘制植物品种鉴别图(manual cultivar identification diagram,MCID)法,快速鉴别区分品种.该方法操作方便,快速准确,7次PCR就能够将191个葡萄品种在分子水平上区分开,所得的品种鉴定图比聚类树更具直观性与实用性,即根据品种鉴定图就可以找出能区分任意两个品种的引物.该方法可以实现苗木的早期鉴定,在其它物种上也具有广泛的通用性.对葡萄种质资源的鉴定及促进葡萄产业的持续发展具有积极的意义.%Because of the high similarity in the botanical characters of the Eurasian grape varieties, it is difficult to distinguish or identify a large number of varieties using the traditional single morphological methods, especially the strains and elite cultivars derived from a small number of parents that show similar traits. In this study, random primers with the composition of 11 bases were selected for RAPD amplification of the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties, and corresponding map relationships were bulit according to the specific bands, thus plant species were identified through drawing the diagram manually (manual cultivar identification diagram, MCID), which distinguished different varieties efficiently and quickly. This method was convenient, fast and accurate, and 191 grape varieties could be distinguished using 7 times PCR at the molecular level. Compared to the clustering tree, the manual CID could be easy to read and have more practical use. In other words, the primers for distinguishing between any two varieties could be found according to the MCID chart. This method can achieve early identification of seedlings, and has a wide range of versatility in the other species. Furthermore, it will have a positive meaning in the identification of grape germplasm resources and promote sustainable development of wine industry.
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