新型除草剂二氯喹啉草酮的除草活性及对水稻的安全性评价

摘要

In order to demonstrate the application rule of quintrione, the spectrum of weed control, herbicidal activity,and the safety to rice of quintrione were studied in the greenhouse by whole⁃plant bioassay.The results indicated that the inhibition rates of quintrione to the shoot fresh weight of autumn weeds Echinochloa crusgalli, E.crusgalli var. mitis,E. crusgalli var. zelayensis,E.colonum,E.glabrescens,Digitaria sanguinalis,Ludwigia prostrate,Lindernia procumbens,Cyperus iria,and C.difformis were higher than 90%,the inhibition rates to Ammannia arenaria H.B.K.,Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.)Presl ex Kunth were lower than 80%, and the inhibition rate to Leptochloa chinesis L. were less than 50%.The inhibition effects of quintrione on summer weeds Galium aparine L., Capsella bursa⁃pastoris, Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries,and Vicia gigantea were lower than 90%, and the effects on Beckmannia syzigachne,Alopecurus japonicas,A. aequalis,Avena fatua L.,Sclerochloa kengiana, Polypogon fugax,Geranium carolinianum L. were lower than 30%.The ED90 values of quintrione against major autumn weeds were 214�872 0-489�547 8 g/hm2,a.i.. The selectivity indices of quintrione between rice and autumn weeds were 6.16~16.47.In conclusion,quintrione is a safe herbicide to be used in rice field to control autumn weeds.%本研究采用室内整株生测法测定了新型除草化合物二氯喹啉草酮的杀草谱、除草活性及对不同水稻品种的安全性。二氯喹啉草酮600 g／hm2，a．i．处理对秋熟杂草无芒稗、稗草、西来稗、光头稗、硬稃稗、马唐、鳢肠、陌上菜、丁香蓼、异型莎草、碎米莎草地上部分鲜质量抑制率均高于90％，对耳叶水苋、鸭舌草地上部分鲜质量抑制率低于80％，对千金子地上部分鲜质量抑制率低于50％；对夏熟杂草猪殃殃、牛繁缕、荠菜、大巢菜地上部分鲜质量抑制率均低于90％，而对日本看麦娘、看麦娘、菵草、硬草、棒头草、早熟禾、野燕麦和野老鹳草地上部分鲜质量抑制率均低于30％。二氯喹啉草酮对主要秋熟杂草无芒稗、稗草、西来稗、光头稗、硬稃稗、马唐、鳢肠、陌上菜、丁香蓼、异型莎草和碎米莎草的ED90值为214�8720～489�5478 g／hm2，a．i．。二氯喹啉草酮在水稻和秋熟杂草硬稃稗、西来稗、无芒稗、稗、光头稗、马唐、鳢肠、陌上菜、异型莎草、碎米莎草间的选择性指数较高，为6�16～16�47。二氯喹啉草酮对多种恶性秋熟杂草防效好，且对水稻安全，在水稻田应用前景广阔。