转型社会的秩序变迁与制度变迁--从非正式规则的视角

摘要

社会秩序的变迁与制度结构的变迁紧密关联，制度结构的变迁括约了社会秩序变迁的过程。制度结构中的正式规则是根本性的，但非正式规则同样参与了社会交易。非正式规则的产生和变迁主要由传承、派生和重复博弈三种途径构成，但其局限在于自身的不自足性。非正式规则作为社会秩序的隐性调节力量，其存在具有相对独立性，这种相对独立性正是非正式规则得以生成与演化的内在根据，也是其获得制度生命的根源所在。其中，价值系统是非正式规则的核心，引导着社会主体的行动方向和社会秩序的变迁，使得社会秩序的变迁具有深刻的内驱动力。社会变迁就是寻求一种正式规则与非正式规则的平衡，形成一种体制性的博弈均衡和相互调和。%Changes in the social order is closely related to changes in the institutional structure, changes in the institutional structure include the process of changes of the social order.Formal rules in institutional structure are fundamental,but the informal rules also participate in social transactions.Gen-eration and changes of informal rules mainly come from three ways :inheritance,derivation,and repeated games,but its limitation is itself not self-sufficiency.Institutional life of informal rules lies in its relative independence,which becomes free confirmation of its generation and evolution.Among them,the value system is the core of informal rules to guide the direction of action of social subjects and social order changes,giving profound inner driving force to changes in the social order.Social change is to seek a balance between formal rules and informal rules,to form a kind of system of game balance and harmony with each other.