回授法教育模式对老年糖尿病肾病患者营养状况及生活质量的影响

摘要

Objective To explore the effect of health education mode of teach-back method on nutritional status and quality of life in elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods From September,2017 to April,2018,110 elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected as the research objects.And the 55 patients collected from September to December 2017 were set as a control group,and the 55 patients collected from January to April 2018 an observation group.The control group received routine health education as well as treatment and nursing according to doctor's instructions;while on the basis of routine education,the observation group received health education mode of teach-back method,including the production of health education manual,health education,dietary intervention,rehabilitation intervention,and follow-up intervention.The psychological state,nutritional status,self-efficacy and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results Before the intervention,there were no statistical differences in SAS,SDS,nutritional status,CDSES and DMQLS scores between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).After the intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS of the two groups decreased,and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (both P ＜ 0.05).After the intervention,the nutritional status of the observation group was better than that of the control group(x2=10.800,P=0.055);the scores of self-efficacy dimensions and total score as well as the scores of quality of life dimensions and total score of the observation group were better than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Health education mode of teach-back method is an effective health education method,and plays an active role in improving the negative emotions,nutritional status,self-efficacy and quality of life of elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy.%目的 探讨回授法教育模式对老年糖尿病肾病患者营养状况及生活质量的影响.方法 采用便利抽样法选择2017年9月至2018年4月本院收治的老年糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象.2017年9-12月收集的55例患者为对照组,2018年1-4月收集的55例患者为观察组.对照组接受常规健康教育,责任护士根据医嘱治疗及护理.观察组在对照组基础上,接受回授法教育模式,包括健康教育手册的制作、健康宣教、饮食干预、康复干预及随访干预.比较两组护理干预前后心理状态、营养状况、自我效能和生活质量.结果 干预前,两组SAS量表得分、SDS量表得分、营养状况以及CDSES量表得分及DMQLS量表得分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞ 0.05);干预后,两组SAS、SDS量表得分均降低,且观察组得分低于对照组(均P＜ 0.05);干预后,观察组营养状况改善优于对照组(x 2=10.800,P=0.055);干预后,观察组自我效能各维度及总分、生活质量各维度及总分改善情况均优于对照组(均P＜ 0.05).结论 回授法教育模式是一种有效的健康宣教方法,在改善老年糖尿病肾病患者负性情绪及营养状况,提高患者自我效能及生活质量方面发挥积极作用.