神经外科患者肺部感染的护理干预

摘要

目的 分析神经外科住院患者发生肺部感染的原因及常见致病菌,探讨肺部感染的护理干预措施.方法 回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2014年6月神经外科136例肺部感染患者的临床资料,得出感染原因及致病菌分布情况,并制定护理干预对策.结果 患者发生肺部感染的原因包括患者长期昏迷、排痰不畅,误吸,呼吸机的使用,院内交叉感染,广谱抗生素的应用等.常见致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌.其中多重耐药菌株28例,占25％,护理对策为进行早期的呼吸道护理,加强翻身拍背,促进排痰,避免误吸,有效控制肺部感染.结论 积极分析患者肺部感染的原因,加强呼吸道护理,避免发生肺部感染的诱发因素,有利于降低患者肺部感染的发生率,提高患者的护理质量及治疗效果.%Objective To analysis the reason of pulmonary infection and pathogenic bacteria in department of neurosurgery,explore nursing intervention measure for pulmonary infection.Methods Data of 136 cases of pulmonary infection in department of neurosurgery of our hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 was retrospectively analyzed,to find out infection causes and pathogens,formulate and implement corresponding nursing strategy.Results Reasons of pulmonary infection included prolonged coma,poor expectoration,aspiration,ventilator usage,nosocomial cross infection,broad-spectrum antibiotics.Common pathogenic bacteria included pseudomonas aeruginosa,enterococcus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with 28 cases (25％) of multi drug resistant strains.Nursing strategy included early respiratory tract nursing care,more frequent turning back,expectoration,avoiding aspiration,and effective control of pulmonary infection.Conclusion Positive analysis of causes of pulmonary infection,strengthened management of respiratory tract,avoiding predisposing factors of pulmonary infection may be helpful for reducing the incidence of pulmonary infection,improving nursing quality and therapeutic effect of patients.