Objective To explore the possibility of collagen membrane to accelerate mandibular fracture healing. Methods 12 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, the mandibular fracture model on both sides were prepared. Left was rb-bFGF/rhBMP-2/collagen membrane as experimental group, and right was the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and India ink staining were taken at the 2, 4, 12 weeks after surgery. Results HE and Masson staining showed: After 2 weeks, more fibrous tissue and blood vessels were seen between the fracture ends in the experimental group than the control group. There were some fibrous cartilages forming in the edge of the fracture ends in the experimental group. After 4 weeks, fibrous fracture callus were seen in the fracture gap in the experimental group. The ingrowths of fibrous tissue and blood vessels were seen in the control group. After 12 weeks, bone healings were seen in both groups. The bony trabecular directions were tidier in the experimental group than in the control group. India ink staining showed: After 2 weeks and 4 weeks, the vascular densities in the experimental group were significantly more than in the control group. There was little difference between the two groups after 12 weeks. Conclusion rb-bFGF/rhBMP-2/collagen membrane could accelerate fracture healing.%目的 了解胶原膜作为生长因子缓释材料治疗颌骨骨折的应用前景。方法用12只新西兰大耳白兔制备双侧下颌骨骨折模型，采用小型接骨板行坚固内固定，左侧置放rb-bFGF/rhBMP-2/胶原膜，右侧为空白对照；术后2、4、12周处死动物，再用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、Masson染色和印度墨汁染色后进行组织学观察。结果HE和Masson染色显示：术后2周，实验组较对照组在骨折断端间可见更多纤维组织和血管长入，实验组骨折断端边缘可见纤维性软骨形成；术后4周，实验组骨折间隙可见到纤维性骨痂，对照组可见纤维组织和血管长入;术后12周，2组均已骨性愈合，实验组骨小梁方向较对照组更为整齐。印度墨汁染色显示：术后2周和4周，实验组骨折间隙内血管明显较对照组密集；术后12周，2组差异不大。结论rb-bFGF/rhBMP-2/胶原膜能加速骨折愈合。
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