新生儿胆红素脑病区域选择性脑损伤的机制

摘要

新生儿胆红素脑病是临床常见的新生儿疾病,高胆红素血症引起的脑损伤可能危及患儿生命或导致永久性神经系统后遗症,严重影响儿童健康.研究发现,新生儿胆红素脑病的发病机制与未结合胆红素(unconjugated bilirubin,UCB)神经毒性、脑代谢、神经递质、免疫和神经胶质细胞等的改变有关.UCB诱导的脑损伤具有区域选择性,在新生儿胆红素脑病发病机制、胆红素脑损伤发生机制中发挥重要作用.该文就新生儿胆红素脑病区域选择性脑损伤的机制进行综述.%Neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy is a common clinical neonatal disease.Brain damage caused by hyperbilirubinemia endangers children's lives or causes permanent neurological sequelae,which seriously affects children's health.It has been evidenced that the pathogenesis of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy is related to changes in neurotoxicity,brain metabolism,neurotransmitters,immunity and glial cells caused by unconjugated bilirubin.Brain injury induced by unconjugated bilirubin has regional selectivity,which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy and bilirubin brain injury.This article reviews the mechanism of regional selective brain damage in neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy.