儿童睡眠呼吸暂停的诊断及治疗进展

摘要

Sleep apnea includes obstructive sleep apnea,central sleep apnea and mixed sleep apnea.Ob-structive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS)is affecting up to 5.7% of children,which hss adverse impact on growth,development cognitive and behavioral outcomes,and untreated OSAS increases cardiovascular risk,so paying closer attention to childhood OSAS early diagnosis and treatment seems more important.First-line treat-ment in OSAS children is adenotonsillectomy,although other treatment options available include continuous posi-tive airways pressure,anti-inflammatory therapies,airway adjuncts and orthodontic appliances.Central sleep ap-nea may be related to respiratory regulation center immaturity or dysplasia.Central sleep apnea may be hereditary or acquired.Therefore,the treatment of central sleep apnea should be focused on primariy etiology.%睡眠呼吸暂停包括阻塞性、中枢性及混合性睡眠呼吸暂停。目前有5.7％的儿童患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，其危害包括影响生长、发育、认知及行为等方面，同时会增加心脏血管疾病的风险。因此关注阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征儿童早期的诊断及治疗更有意义。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停首选的治疗是扁桃体切除术，其他治疗包括连续的正压通气、抗炎治疗、气道调节器及咽腔矫正器等。中枢性睡眠呼吸紊乱与呼吸中枢不成熟及发育异常有关。中枢性呼吸暂停可能是遗传性的，或者是后天获得性的，因此中枢性呼吸暂停的治疗主要是病因学治疗。