环状RNA作为临床疾病的诊断标志物及治疗靶点的研究进展

摘要

环状RNA是一类内源性非编码RNA分子,具有封闭的环形结构,主要由外显子和(或)内含子构成,在真核细胞中普遍存在.环状RNA具有高度稳定性、物种保守性以及细胞、组织特异性.近年研究表明,环状RNA能够通过与微小RNA(microRNA)和其他分子相互作用来调节转录或转录后水平的基因表达.研究表明,环状RNA可能与多种疾病的发生及发展有重要关系,包括动脉粥样硬化血管疾病、朊病毒疾病、神经障碍、骨关节炎和糖尿病等.此外,环状RNA在多种类型的癌症中表现出异常表达,包括结肠直肠癌、肝细胞癌和胃癌等.因此,我们认为环状RNA可以作为临床疾病的诊断标志物及治疗靶点.该文将对环状RNA作为临床诊断标志物及治疗靶点作一综述.%Circular RNA(circRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules,which is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells.They have a closed ring structure,and are mainly composed of exons and / or introns.Circular RNAs have been widely studied in recent years,and studies show that they are remarkably stable,highly conserved and cell-or tissue-specifically expressed.Recently,it has been found that circRNAs can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by interacting with microRNAs and other molecules.Recent studies have shown that circular RNA may be associated with various diseases,including atherosclerotic vascular disease,prion diseases,neurological disorders,osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus.In addition,circular RNAs exhibit abnormal expression in a variety of types of cancers,including colorectal cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,and gastric cancer.Therefore,we believe that circular RNA can be used as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target of clinical diseases.This article reviews the potential of circular RNA as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.