853例过敏性疾病患儿体外过敏原检测结果分析

摘要

目的 了解常州地区小儿常见过敏原种类,为小儿过敏性疾病防治提供参考.方法 采用免疫印迹法体外定量测定TIgE和19种常见过敏原的SIgE,对检测结果进行分析.结果 853例被检患儿中SIgE检测阳性率为45.49%,其中1~12月组为14.4%,>12~36月组为43.9%,>36~60月组为59.0%,>60~84月组为57.4%,>84月组为59.4%;单项过敏原检测阳性率处于前5位的分别是户尘螨(27.90%)、点青霉(14.54%)、屋尘螨(10.55%)、羊肉(9.03%)、牛奶(8.68%),占单项过敏原检出总数的70.70%,而处于后5位的分别是贝类(0.12%)、芒果(0.23%)、鱼(0.47%)、蟑螂(0.47%)、榆树(0.70%);主要气吸入性敏原户尘螨、屋尘螨、真菌的检出率随年龄增长逐渐上升.并在5岁以后趋于稳定的高水平;主要食入性过敏原羊肉、牛奶、牛肉、鸡蛋白的检出率,除牛奶外,均在不同年龄组处于相对稳定的水平,并在3岁时达到高峰后逐渐下降.结论 常州地区过敏性疾病患儿主要过敏原分别为户尘螨、真菌、屋尘螨、羊肉、牛奶,常见的混合过敏在食入性与吸入性方面随年龄变化各有差异,总的趋势是食入性过敏原随年龄增长逐渐减少,吸入性过敏原则逐渐增加.%Objective To understand the kinds of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Changzhou,so as to provide ref-erence to prevent and cure allergic diseases in children. Methods The serum levels of total immunoglobulin E(TIgE) and 19 com-mon allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(SIgE) were detected by the immunoblot assay, and results were analyzed. Results The positive rate of SIgE was 45. 49% among 853 children with allergic diseases. The positive rates of SIgE in groups of 1 -12 months, ＞12-36 months,＞36 -60 months,＞60 -84 months and >84 months were 14. 4% , 43. 9% , 59. 0% , 57. 4% and 59. 4% , re-spectively. The highest positive rate of the single tested allergens was dust acarid(27. 90%) , followed by fungus(14. 54%) , stive (10. 55%) , mutton(9. 03%) and milk(8. 68%). The major detected rates of aeroalleregnes, such as dust acarid, fungus and stive increased gradually and stabilized in high level after 60 months. The major detected rates of food allergens, except milk, reached to the peak in 36 months and decent gradually after 36 months. The detected rate of dog s furs also increased gradually with age. The major allergens in infant group were food allergens, and the positive rate of mite in infant group was lower than other groups. Con-clusion The major allergens in the children with allergic diseases in Changzhou might be dust acarid, fungus, stive, mutton and milk. The commonly mixed allergens in food and inhaled could be different with age. The general trend could be that the food aller-gens gradually reduced with age, however, the inhaled allergens might be oppositely.