Objective To understand the gene carrying rate ,gene mutation types and distribution characteristics of thalassemia in the northeast area of Chongqing .Methods 28 633 specimens collected from the patients and individuals with physical examina‐tion in our hospital from January to December 2013 were performed the RBC parameters detection and hemoglobin electrophoresis screening .The specimens with phenotype positive were definitely verified the thalassemia type by using Gap‐PCR and reverse dot blot(RDB) .Results Among 28 633 specimens ,1 358 specimens were finally diagnosed as thalassemia with the thalassemia carrying rate of 4 .74% ,including 589 cases(2 .06% ) of α‐thalassemia and 741 cases (2 .59% ) of β‐thalassemia cases .Among the α‐thalasse‐mia genotypes ,‐αα/‐‐SEA genotype(1 .38% ) was most common ,the next was ‐αα/‐α3 .7 genotype (0 .37% ) and αα/‐α4 .2 genotype (0 .20% ) .Among the β‐thalassemia genotypes ,CD41‐42 genotype (1 .27% ) had the highest constituent ratio ,followed by IVS‐2‐654 genotype(1 .27% ) and CD17 genotype(0 .30% ) .28 cases were found to be the double heterozygote with α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia .Conclusion The northeast area of Chongqing is a region with the high incidence rate of thalassemia and complicated heredity .Therefore this research provides the reference information for the prevention of thalassemia ,genetic counseling and prena‐tal diagnosis .%目的：了解渝东北区人群地中海贫血（简称地贫）基因携带率、基因突变类型及分布特征。方法对2013年1～12月来该院就诊及体检共计28633例样本进行红细胞参数及血红蛋白电泳过筛，表型阳性的标本再用 Gap‐PCR 和反向斑点杂交（RDB）基因检测方法确诊地贫类型。结果28633例样本中，检出α和β地贫共1358例，地贫总携带率为4．74％。其中589例（2．06％）α地贫以αα／‐‐SEA （1．38％）型最常见，其次为‐αα／‐α3．7（0．37％） 和 αα／‐α4．2（0．20％） ；741例（2．59％）β地贫中检出14种基因突变类型，以 CD41‐42（1．27％）型构成比最高，其次为 IVS‐2‐654（0．69％）和 CD17（0．30％） ；α地贫复合 β地贫双重杂合子28例。结论渝东北区是地贫发生率较高且遗传较复杂的地区，该研究为该区预防地贫、遗传咨询、诊断等提供了参考借鉴资料。
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