郑州市金水区2009—2010年麻疹流行病学特征分析

摘要

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinshui District,Zhengzhou City,Henan Province from 2009 to 2010 and provide evidence for strategies of measles elimination.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles in Jinshui District during 2009-2010.Results A total of 193 cases were reported.The average annual incidence was 7.65/100 000 population.Measles cases were mainly seen in groups under 15 years old (63.21％) and 52.33％ of the cases occurred in scattered children.There were 8.29％,3.63％ and 88.08％ of the cases with 1-dose,≥ 2-dose,and unknown and without vaccinations,respectively.The peak incidence appeared from March to May (65.80％).The ratio of male to female cases was 1.35∶ 1.Measles cases were reported all over the district and 27.98％ of them occurred in Miaoli and Liulin Towns.One outbreak accounted for 8 (4.15％) cases.Conclusions Measles cases tend to occur in groups of low-age children and adult.The vaccination coverage rate is low in migrant children.Therefore,2-dose and timely first dose vaccination rates should be improved.Immunization technology training and cold chain management should be strengthened to ensure immunization effect.%目的 了解郑州市金水区2009-2010年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据.方法 运用描述流行病学方法对金水区2009-2010年麻疹监测资料进行分析.结果 2009-2010年共发生麻疹193例,年平均发病率为7.65/10万.麻疹病例中,＜15岁人群占63.21％；散居儿 童占52.33％；有1次免疫史者占8.29％,≥2次免疫史者占3.63％,无明确免疫史及免疫史不详者占88.08％.3-5月份发病人数占全年的65.80％,男女发病比为1.35∶1.柳林镇和庙李镇发病人数占27.98％.暴发疫情病例(8例)占4.15％.结论 麻疹发病趋于小年龄化和成人化,流动儿童接种率较低.在今后的工作中应提高适龄儿童2剂次麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种率和首剂麻疹疫苗及时接种率,同时适时开展免疫技术培训,加强疫苗冷链管理,确保疫苗的免疫效果.