The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly changed the pattern and natural history of ocular diseases of HIV-infected patients, resulting from the immune recovery and reduction of opportunistic infections. However, ophthalmic complica-tion continues to be concern in AIDS even in the HAART era, especially in developing areas, where absolute majority of HIV-positive patients live. Lack of test facilities and experience, poor conditions of hygiene, different microbiological environment, absence of effective treatment etc., characterize the ophthalmic manifestation of HIV-infected patients in developing countries from that in developed regions and thus pose a great challenge to the ophthalmic treatment in developing area. Not only varied from region to region, ocular complications are distinctive between adults and children. At the same time, the side effects due to the application of HAART pose their own risks of ocular complication and should, therefore, be given more research attention.%采用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)后,由于免疫功能恢复和机会性感染的减少,极大地改变了艾滋病毒(HIV)感染者眼部疾病的病程及病史.然而,即使在HAART时代,眼部并发症仍然是艾滋病的临床特征之一,在发展中国家中尤其如此,而绝大多数HIV阳性病患者生活在发展中国家或地区.由于缺乏检验设备和经验、卫生条件差、微生物环境不同及缺乏有效的治疗,生活在发展中国家和地区的HIV感染者眼部并发症的特征与发达地区的艾滋病患者大不相同.因此,治疗发展中国家和地区HIV感染者的眼部并发症,具有更大的挑战性.此外,成人和儿童艾滋病患者眼部并发症也是不同的.与此同时,HAART的副作用也给眼部并发症带来了新的危险因素.所以,相关的研究应给予更多的关注.
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