美国国家标准学会专利许可政策演进考察

摘要

美国国家标准学会是认可美国标准制定组织的机构,也是美国自愿标准体系的创始者、塑造者和推动者.专利许可政策是标准制定组织专利政策的核心与意义所在.考察美国国家标准学会85年的专利许可政策演进历史可以为我国提供以下启示:标准组织自身建设与其专利许可政策共同受到国家标准战略指引,三者之间具有耦合效应;标准组织应在介入专利许可方面扮演好"守门人"角色;公平、合理、非歧视规则是在避免专利被垄断使用的制度初衷上逐渐发展而来的.%ANSI, also known as Standards Setting Organization (SSO), is an organization that operates accrediting work of standards developers, which is also aiming at establishing, shaping and stimulating American voluntary standards. Patent licensing policy plays a vital role in patent policies of SSO. By referring to the history and development of patent licensing policies of ANSI, some conclusions can be reached. Led by national standard strategy, the couple induction between construction of SSO's structure and development of patent licensing policies is obvious. SSO should play a prudent goalkeeper role in intervention of patent licensing issues. FRAND principle was developed against the background of avoiding monopolistic tendencies.