三七本草考证

摘要

以大量文献为基础,就三七的最早文献记载、古籍中原植物载图真伪、栽培产地及产地变迁三个方面进行考证研究,最终得出如下结论:三七最早应是被记载于明代异远真人所著的《跌损妙方》中;历史上自三七被发现后,三七、土三七(菊三七)均被首次正确绘图于《本草纲目》,后三七又被绘图于《本草备要》《本草便读》等本草内,但《本草便读》中的"参三七"图,经反复鉴定比对后被认为是谬传;从三七产地的可考文字记载中可以得出结论,三七最早栽培于广西,但由于自然因素、人文因素和社会因素等原因,三七主产地从20世纪70年代开始逐渐由广西向云南转移,至今云南文山仍是闻名中外的三七道地产区.对三七进行本草考证,有助于三七药材的正本清源,并为三七的合理栽培与药效开发提供依据.%This research is based on a large number of literatures about Panax notoginseng,which include the earliest documentation,the authentic image,place of its origin and the change of its producing area.It could be concluded that P.notoginseng was first recorded in Falling Damage Nostrum of Ming dynasty;the images of P.notoginseng and Gynura segetum were first correctly drawn in Compendium of Materia Medica,it was also drawn in Essentials of Materia Medica and Convenient Reader on Materia Medica,but the images in the latter were considered misrepresentations after repeated checkup.From the textual records,it could be concluded that P.notoginseng was first cultivated in Guangxi province,but the main producing areas had gradually transferred from Guangxi to Yunnan as a result of factors from nature,human and society,and Wenshan city in Yunnan has become the authentic producing area of P.notoginseng.This study provides references for rational cultivation and pharmaceutical development of P.notoginseng.