Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of emerging HIV/AIDS patients in Guangdong Province in 2011. Methods Totally 835 HIV/AIDS patients with antibody positive and without receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, who were treated in Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital in 2011, were included in the study. Gender, age, routes of infection and other general data were recorded. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, WBC, HGB, PLT, ALT, AST, TBIL, HBV markers and HCV antibody were detected. SPSS 13.0 software was used to describe and analyze the statistics. Results The mean age of the 835 HIV/ AIDS patients was 39.7±11.8 years old. The infection rate in males (n=585, 70.1%) was higher than that in females (n=250, 29.9%). The infection routes were mainly sexual transmission (n=689, 82.5%), 557 patients (66.7%) through heterosexual transmission and 132 (15.8%) through homosexual transmission, intravenous drug abuse (n=126, 15.1%) and blood transfusion (n=20, 2.4%). Of the 725 HIV/AIDS patients with complete data, 514 (70.9%) were affected with HIV infection alone (group A), 103 (14.2%) with HIV/HBV coinfection (group B), 83 (11.4%) with HIV/HCV/HBV coinfection (group C), and 25 (3.4%) with HIV/HCV coinfection (group D). The four groups had significant differences in the infection routes (x2=415.358, P=0.000), group A and B mainly through heterosexual transmission, and group C and D mainly through intravenous drug use. The level of PLT dropped in 65 patients (7.8%), and that of group B dropped more greatly than that of group A, and the difference between the two groups was significant (x2=10.451, P= 0.001). The coinfection might aggravate liver injury. AST level in coinfection groups (group B, C and D) increased more significantly when compared with single infection group (group A) (x2AB=20.012, PAB=0.000; x2AC=14.237, PAC=0.000; x2AD=26.725, PAD=0.000). ALT level in group D was significantly higher than that in group A (x2=8.395, P=0.004). TBIL level in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (x2=9.130, P=0.003). Conclusions The emerging HIV/AIDS patients in Guangdong Province in 2011 are mainly young male adults, and the majority are infected through sexual transmission. The rate of HIV and HBV/HCV coinfection is higher, and the HIV patients coinfected with HCV are mainly infected through injection drug use. The coinfection is the important cause leading to the aggravation of liver injury and myelosuppression.%目的 了解广东省2011年新增抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学特征.方法 选取2011年就诊于广州市第八人民医院,并经过实验室证实HIV抗体阳性但未进行高效抗反转录病毒治疗的835例广东省HIV/AIDS患者,登记性别、年龄、感染途径等基本情况,检测CD4+T和CD8+T淋巴细胞计数、WBC、HGB、PLT、ALT、AST、TBIL、HBV标志物及丙型肝炎抗体等指标.运用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计描述及分析.结果 835例年龄(39.7±11.8)岁,其中男性感染率(70.1％,585例)高于女性(29.9％,250例).感染途径主要为性传播(82.5％,689例)[包括异性性传播557例(66.7％)及同性性传播132例(15.8％)]、静脉吸毒感染126例(15.1％)和输血感染20例(2.4％).在725例资料完整的患者中,HIV/HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,其中,HIV单一感染(A组)514例(70.9％)、HIV/HBV合并感染(B组)103例(14.2％)、HIV/HCV/HBV三重感染(C组)83例(11.4％)、HIV/HCV合并感染者(D组)25例(3.4％).各组感染途径有明显差异(x2=415.358,P=0.000):A组和B组以异性性传播为主,C组和D组以静脉吸毒为主.65例(7.8％)PLT下降,且B组较A组下降比例更高,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.451,P=0.001).合并感染可加重肝损伤:合并感染组均较单一感染组AST升高明显(x2AB=20.012,PAB=0.000；x2AC=14.237,PAC =0.000；x2AD=26.725,PD=0.000)；D组较A组ALT升高明显(x2=8.395,P=0.004)；B组较A组TBIL升高明显(x2=9.130,P=0.003).结论 广东省2011年新增HIV/AIDS患者以青壮年男性为主,性传播感染为主.HIV与HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,且合并HCV感染者主要为静脉吸毒感染,合并感染是加重肝损伤及骨髓抑制的一个重要原因.
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