诺如病毒实验室诊断现状与展望

摘要

Norovirus is recognized as the primary cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis and often causes serious public health and food safety concern. Fast evolution and continuous drifting of norovirus genome have posed challenges for clinical diagnosis and vaccine development. This review updates the research of laboratory diagnosis of norovirus, from classic nucleic detection to recent application of nanotechnology and chip, such as a multiplex RT-qPCR detection and high-throughput sequencing. A very recent breakthrough in cell culture of norovirus in vitro is also introduced. The latest advance of technology improves the laboratory diagnosis of norovirus, thus meeting the requirement of clinical diagnosis and vaccine development.%诺如病毒是引起非细菌性急性胃肠炎的主要病因,常常引起严重的公共卫生与食品安全问题.诺如病毒基因组的多样性及其它们不断的进化和变异为临床诊断及疫苗研制带来了挑战.本文就诺如病毒实验室诊断方法的研究进展作一综述,包括从传统经典的核酸检测到应用纳米、芯片等高新技术的多重核酸定量检测和高通量测序平台,以及体外成功培养的报道等等.这些新技术的成功运用将推动诺如病毒实验室诊断的新发展,以满足临床诊疗及疫苗研制的新需求.