环境污染效应对异质性劳动力流动的影响--基于离散选择模型的空间计量分析

摘要

The rapid growth of China’s economy and the extensive mode of developments have brought worsening pollution. The pollution influences not only the economic growth and the improvement of industrial structure,but also the labor supply and the labor mobility between regions. Based on China’s 31 provinces’ 2003-2012 panel data,this paper uses methods of spatial econometrics and analyzes the impact of pollution on labor mobility with heterogeneity. The result shows:First,pollution has a significant effect on the labor mobility;Second,with the influence of spatial effects of pollution,the labor mobility makes the low-educat-ed labors present the phenomenon of spatial dispersion,and makes the high-educated labors agglomerate in the specific regions;Third,with the pollution effects,heterogeneous labors mobility presents U-shaped pat-tern. Based on these conclusions,this paper proposes the government should improve the environment to lead reasonable labor mobility.%伴随粗放式经济高速增长而来的环境污染恶化问题正给我国新时期国民经济发展带来一系列负面影响。环境污染不仅影响经济增长质量和产业结构优化，而且会影响劳动力供给和跨区域流动。基于2003-2012年中国31个省（市、自治区）的面板数据，运用空间计量方法实证分析了环境污染对异质性劳动力流动产生的影响，结果显示：环境污染对劳动力流动具有显著影响；在环境污染的空间效应影响下，我国劳动力流动使得受教育程度低的劳动力呈现空间分散特征，受教育程度高的劳动力呈现空间集聚特征；环境污染效应使得异质性劳动力流动呈现“U”型规律。据此，提出控制环境污染、引导劳动力合理流动的政策建议。