煤矿开采过程中的冻土环境问题与对策

摘要

冻土区矿产资源的开发,对多年冻土的影响速度快、范围广、最直接,是其他人为活动无法比拟的.特别是煤矿开采,它对多年冻土影响剧烈,使得煤矿区冻土环境更加脆弱.青海木里煤田矿区处于青藏高原阿尔金山—祁连山高寒带山地多年冻土区,是大通河上游水源涵养生态功能区,冻土生态环境较为敏感.在分析青海木里煤田矿区多年冻土分布状况与特征的基础上,从多年冻土变化和多年冻土区自然环境变化两个方面,探讨了煤矿开采过程中的冻土环境问题,并提出避免和减缓煤矿开采对冻土环境造成影响的建议与对策,以期为寒区资源合理开发利用保护提供科学依据.%The effect of mineral mining resources on permafrost is rapid,extensive,and direct.Its environment impacts surpass those caused by any other human activities.In particular,due to the intense effect of coal mining activity,the permafrost environment becomes more fragile in the mining areas.Muli coalfield mining area of Qinghai Province is located in the permafrost zone with the Altun-Qilian mountain alpine belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The Muli mining area is situated on the ecological function zone with water conservation in the upstream Datong river and is more sensitive to the permafrost ecological environment.Based on the analysis of regional permafrost distribution and characteristics of permafrost,we discuss the permafrost environmental problems in the process of coal mining.The permafrost environment problems include the permafrost change and the natural environment change of the permafrost region in the Muli coalfield mining area of Qinghai.Protection measures are also proposed to the avoidance and mitigation disadvantage impact on the permafrost environment in the process of coal mining.The results will provide scientific basis for the utilization and protection of mineral resources in cold regions.