从《东大寺讽诵文稿》看日本愿文的仁孝礼佛说

摘要

<东大寺讽诵文稿>和<敦煌愿文集>中的大多数愿文,都不是为特定愿主撰写的"专文专用"的作品,而属于愿文"范文".它们都可以纳入"民间宗教文学"的范畴来进行比较研究.<东大寺讽诵文稿>多方面受到传入日本的中国愿文的影响,将礼佛作为报答父母恩情最根本的途径加以宣扬,仁孝的儒家思想彻底变为佛教的工具,体现了平安时代初期佛教从宫廷贵族走向民间的思想特点.与传世愿文相比,佛教哲理的成分更为淡薄,而抒情性、叙述性更为突出.这也为后来文人的追善愿文发展成"哀伤的抒情文学"开辟了道路.%Most sutras in Todaiji Sutras Collection and Dunhuang Sutras Collection are not specifically written for specific purpose,but belong to "models" of sutras.They can be included in Folk Religious Literature for comparative study.Many aspects of Todaiji Sutras Collection are influenced by Chinese sutras spread to Japan,which advocate worshiping Buddha as the basic approach to repaying parents' love.The Confucian ideas of benevolence and filial piety were completely transformed to the tools of Buddhism,which shows the characteristics of Buddhism at the beginning of Heian Period from aristocrats to ordinary people.Compared with sutras,there are fewer elements of Buddhist philosophy,but lyricism and narration are more distinct,which opened ways for sutras of later scholars to develop into "sentimental lyric literature".