为解决牛粪堆肥过程中纤维素难以降解的难题,通过采用羧甲基纤维素筛选平板和刚果红染色的方法,筛选得到了1株高效降解纤维素的细菌X7,其纤维素酶活达40.02±2.87 U/mL,经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).将降解菌X7配合堆肥接种剂应用于牛粪堆肥中,检测其降解和堆肥促进效果,结果表明:降解菌能提升堆肥温度,使堆肥最高温度达74℃,堆肥高温期持续16 d;添加降解菌X7后堆肥结束时的腐殖质总量达69.3 g/kg,有效提升了堆肥品质,纤维素降解率为43.51％,对照组的降解率仅为11.57％.纤维素高效降解菌X7在牛粪堆肥及纤维素降解应用方面有较大潜力.%In order to solve the problem about cellulose degradation in the process of cow dung compost, the bacteria X7 which can efficiently degrade cellulose had been screened by the method of carboxymethyl cellulose filter plate and Congo red stain. The bacteriaX7 has a cellulose enzyme activity of 40.02±2.87 U/mL, which was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Degradation bacteria X7 and compost inoculum were applied in cow dung compost to detect their degradation and compost promotion effect. The result showed that the compost temperature raised up by degradation bacteria X7, the inoculating of X7 made the highest temperature of cow dung compost to 74 ℃ , with the compost temperature period for 16 days. At the end of compost, the humus extract totaled 69.3 g/kg after adding degradation bacteria X7 which can effectively improve the quality of the compost with the cellulose degradation rate 43.51％, while the degradation rate was only 11.57％ in the control group. In conclusion, the bacteria X7 which can efficiently degrade cellulose have great potential applications in cow dung compost and cellulose degradation applications.
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