Since the 1980 s the social pension insurance system has been the core issue in the construction of China’ s rural elder care system, but the reform of rural social pension insurance hasn’ t reached the anticipated goals over the past 20 years. The changes of rural family structure in the period of social transition bring the dual influence on the function of home-based elder care, exhibiting the structural characteristics. Compared with the social elder care, the home-based elder care has more advantages in terms of economic support, life care and spiritual comfort due to its characteristics of low cost and elaborateness and so on. Currently and even for a long period of social transition, the home-based elder care is supposed to be the main mode of rural elder care in Chi-na. The construction of the family support plan supported by the government is indispensable to stabilize and ex-tend the function of home-based elder care while the social pension insurance should also be established in a long run.%20世纪80年代以来，制度性社会养老保险成为构建中国农村养老体系的核心议题，但20多年来的农村社会养老保险改革目前尚未实现预期目标。社会转型期农村家庭结构的变迁对家庭养老功能带来双重影响，表现出结构性特征。与社会养老相比，家庭养老的低成本、精准化等特征使其在经济扶持、生活照料、精神慰藉方面仍具优势。在目前甚至较长期的社会转型期，家庭养老应当成为我国农村养老的主体模式。构建政府支持的家庭支持计划对于稳定、拓展家庭养老功能不可或缺，而社会养老保险值得长期建立。
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