目的：调查黄海地区官兵中暑／热射病知识及现场处置方法知晓情况，为开展针对性普及教育提供依据。方法2015年5—7月对黄海地区官兵1600人进行中暑／热射病知识问卷调查，收回合格问卷1575份，有效回收率为98．4％。结果①“中暑”及“热射病”的知晓率分别为94．5％、30％，“热射病”的知晓率明显低于“中暑”（P ＝0．000）；临床表现中的头晕、眼花、恶心知晓率最高为85．1％，其次是面色苍白、晕厥及口渴、乏力、多汗，分别为62．7％、54．6％，肌肉抽搐伴疼痛仅占16．5％；预防措施中口服淡盐水补液、热习服的知晓率分别为79．1％、30．7％；发病风险中太阳直射下活动、高气温的知晓率分别是84．7％、81．8％，而高湿度的知晓率仅为26％。相关知识获取途径以日常学习占第一位67．3％。②不同军种对“中暑”、“热射病”的知晓率比较，陆军均明显高于海军（P ＜0．05）。③知道与不知道“中暑”两组现场处置方式认知的组间比较发现，正确认知如将患者转移至阴凉环境、口服淡盐水补液、降温过程中不使用隔热材料、野外环境下进行溪水内降温，两组无明显差别（P ＞0．05），但后两项认知知晓率较低；增加体表散热面积（松解装备及过紧的衣物）不知道组明显低于知道组（P＝0．000）。错误认知：无需监测体温变化、口服糖水补液知道组明显低于不知道组（P ＜0．01）。结论黄海地区官兵中暑／热射病知识的知晓情况有待提高，需建立基层定期培训及热射病病例汇总管理机制，真正降低劳力性热射病发病率，提高部队战斗力。%Objective To investigate the awareness and on -site emergency disposal of sunstroke and heat stroke in the Yellow Sea militaries to provide evidence on the targeted popularization education of heat -related ill-ness.Methods A total of 1600 soldiers in the Yellow Sea militaries were interviewed with questionnaire , 1575 valid questionnaires were retrieved with the effective rate of 98.4%.Results ①The awareness rates of disease names “sunstroke” and “heat stroke” respectively were 94.5% and 30.0%, with statistically significant.The awareness rates of sunstroke and heat stroke clinical manifestations respectively were : dizziness, blur version, nau-sea(85.1%); pale or syncope (62.7%), Thirsty, fatigue, and sweat (54.6%), muscle twitch with pain (16.5%).The awareness rates of sunstroke and heat stroke prevention measures were : drinking more dilute saline (79.1%), heat acclimation(30.7%).The awareness rates of sunstroke and heat stroke risks were : An activity in the sun(84.7%), high temperatures(81.8%) and high humidity(26%).The major approach of achieving sun-stroke and heat stroke knowledge was daily learning (67.3%).②Compared with the navy, the awareness rate of disease names “sunstroke” and “heat stroke” was higher in the army (P <0.05).③Between the groups who known and unknown disease names “sunstroke” and “heat stroke”, the correct on -site emergency disposals, such as transferring patients to shady and cool environment , drinking more dilute saline, not putting patients at bedding , sleeping bags or other heat -insulating materials, cooling patients in flowing water in the field , there were no statis-tic differences(P >0.05), and the awareness rates of the last two were not high ; the awareness rates of taking off the soldiers'equipment and clothes was obviously lower in the unknown groups , which remained statistically signifi-cant(P =0.000).The awareness rates of the incorrect on -site emergency disposals, such as no need observing changing temperature and supplying sugar water for refection , were higher in the known group (P <0.01), a signif-icant difference between the two groups .Conclusion The awareness of “sunstroke” and “heat stroke” knowledge in medical staff in the Yellow Sea militaries is unsatisfactory , and it is necessary to put in place mechanisms to carry out regular heat -related illness training in grass -roots unit and summary for the management of heat stroke case col -lection, with the purpose of decreasing the morbidity of ESH and strengthening the combat effectiveness of the army .
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