说“妖”：明代中晚期社会与文化的异动及其妖魔化

摘要

明代中晚期，是一个极具变化的时代，社会与文化呈现出诸多转向的迹象。面对如此巨大变动的挑战，势必引发生活在这一时代知识人的回应，甚至不乏惊诧之感，将诸如此类的变动视为家庭的不祥之相和社会的“大怪”。在正统人士看来，明代中晚期堪称“妖魔化”的时代。在这样的时代，“妖人”辈出，“妖言”四起，“妖物”勃兴，“妖事”频出，却又从另外一个侧面反映了晚明社会与文化的基本风貌。%The mid -late Ming dynasty can be regarded as an era of great change that society and culture showed many signs of variation.Faced with such a huge challenge,it was bound to lead the response of intellectual man living in this times. Someone took this kind of changes as ominous of families and “big strange phase”of society.In orthodox people’s eyes,the late Ming dynasty can be called “demonized”era.It was a very natural thing that “Heretics”were coming forward in multi-tudes,“Heretical ideas”flourished everywhere,“Weird objects”grew up prosperitily and “Weird events”happened frequently in such era.However,it reflects the basic style of the late Ming society and culture from another perspectives.