In order to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic relationship among major groups of Orthoptera and to explore the phylogenetic utility and performance of 16S Ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequences of 16S Ribosomal RNA were sequenced from 18 species in 9 families and 4 superfamilies of Orthoptera, and analyzed with other 40 species that have been completely sequenced. The result showed that the average length of 16S Ribosomal RNA was 1 310 bp. The positions of Tridactuloidea and Gryllotalpidae in Orthoptera were uncertain based on the 16S rRNA data, and the phylogenetic relationships of other major groups in Orthoptera were rather robust. Except for Oedipodidae and Gomphoceridae, Acrididae, Catantopidae, and Arcypteridae in Xia's taxonomic system were not monophyletic groups, and the genetic distances among the five groups were small. This indicates that the five families should be combined into one family. The genetic distances among Pamphagidae, Chrotogonidae, and Pyigomorphidae were also small. The loops of 16S rRNA gene could provide more information than stems when they were used for phylogenetic analysis. Complete sequence of 16S rRNA gene can be used to reconstruct robust phylogenetic relationship at the taxonomic category of species, genera, and suborder in Orthop-tera, but lack of resolution at family and superfamily levels.%为了构建稳健的直翅目主要类群间的系统发生关系并探讨16S rRNA 基因序列在构建直翅目昆虫不同分类阶元系统发生关系时的可行性、功效以及性能,文章测定了直翅目4 总科9 科18 种昆虫的16S rRNA 基因全序列,联合已知该基因全序列的其他40 种昆虫,构建了直翅目主要类群之间的系统发生关系,并分析了16S rRNA 基因全序列的系统发生性能和功效.结果表明,直翅目昆虫的16S rRNA 基因全长平均为1 310 bp; 除生活方式特化的蚤蝼总科和蝼蛄总科的地位无法确定外,直翅目其他主要类群系统发生关系比较稳定; 蝗总科下除了斑翅蝗科和槌角蝗科外,剑角蝗科、斑腿蝗科、网翅蝗科都不是单系群,且用不同的方法构建的系统发生树中聚类情况完全一致,各科间遗传距离差异不大,建议将其合为一科; 锥头蝗科、瘤锥蝗科和癞蝗科间的遗传距离差异也不大; 在构建系统发生树时,16S rRNA 基因环区的信息量要比茎区的大; 16S rRNA 基因可以构建可靠的直翅目属与种水平和目与亚目高级阶元的系统发生关系,但对科和总科阶元缺乏足够的分辨力.
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