Objective To investigate the method to establish the animal model of predicting the collapse of the femoral head through determining its deletion surface area ratio in rabbits. Methods 30 adult Chinese rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,group A with bone lesion diameter being4.0mm,group B 5.0mm, group C 6.0mm respectively, with 10 rabbits in each group. The animal models with subchondral bone defect and cartilage collapse were established by drilling bone with different diameter's loop drills, after 16 weeks, X-ray examination was performed,then the rabbits were executed and femur heads were taken out to be observed under light microscope,including the bone' s shape,articular facet' s color and smooth degree. The deepness and scope of bone collapse were measured, and the new bone formation condition of subchondral bone and denaturalization condition of articular cartilage were observed by histological method. Results The results of X-ray examination showed that group A;the bone defect in detect area was blurred,which was filled rapidly by newly formed bone; group B: there existed defect, and subsection defect was repaired; group C; subsection defect was repaired, and necrosis could be found in articular cartilage, and collapse of femur head was observed. The results of global observation and histological observation showed that the formation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts in bone defect area could be found in group A and group B, and the collapse of bone at different degrees was observed in group C, and bone defect area was filled by fiberlike tissues, and necrosis of chondrocyte could be found at proliferation area of articular cartilage. Conclusion The incidence of collapse of cartilage surface will increase greatly if the surface area of necrosis is over 19.0%.%目的 探讨建立股骨头骨缺损表面积比与股骨头软骨塌陷的相关性的动物模型.方法 将中国白兔30只,随机分为骨缺损直径4.0 mm(A组)、5.0 mm(B组)、6.0 mm(C组)3组,每组10只,采用不同直径环钻钻骨建立股骨头软骨下骨缺损及软骨塌陷模型,术后16周进行X-Ray检查,处死后取股骨头行肉眼观察股骨头外形,关节面色泽,光滑度,测量塌陷的深度和范围,组织学观察软骨下骨新骨生成情况及关节软骨是否变性.结果 X线观察显示:A组,缺损区骨缺损模糊,很快被新生骨填充；B组,缺损存在,小部分缺损修复；C组,小部分缺损修复,关节软骨可见坏死,股骨头出现塌陷.大体观察、组织学观察:A、B组骨缺损区有成骨细胞、成纤维细胞形成.C组软骨均有不同程度的塌陷,骨缺损区为纤维样组织填充,关节软骨增生区可见软骨细胞坏死.结论 股骨头骨坏死表面积超过19.0％时,软骨面塌陷的发生率大大提高.
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