Objective To investigate the effect of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery on patients with clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱnon-small cell lung cancer. Methods Eighty-two patients with clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱnon-small cell lung cancer were paired up by the propensity score method. And 60 patients were selected from them and divided into minimally invasive group (n=30) and the thoracotomy group (n=30). Perioperative varivables and follow-up results were compared between the two groups. Results The operative time, operative blood loss and the length of stay of the minimally invasive group were significantly lower than the thoracotomy group [(150.8±48.6) min vs (181.6±62.9) min, (162.6 ± 138.5) ml vs (247.6 ± 165.0) ml, (9.1 ± 2.2) min vs (10.8 ± 2.9) min, all P<0.05]. The differences of mediastinal lymph nodes stationsumbers dissected, postoperative drainage time, perioperative mortality and the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were not significant (all P>0.05). The 3-year and 5-year local re-currence rate of the minimally invasive group and the thoracotomy group were 3.3%vs 6.7%and 10.0%vs 16.7%, re-spectively, and the differences between them showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.704). The 3-year and 5-year distant metastasis rate of the minimally invasive group and the thoracotomy group were 10.0%vs 16.7%and 23.3% vs 26.7%, respectively, and the differences between them were not statistically significant (P=0.766). The 3-year and 5-year overall survival of the minimally invasive group and the thoracotomy group were 90.8%vs 83.5%and 75.8% vs 66.7%, respectively. The long-term survival of the minimally invasive group was significantly higher than the thoracotomy group (P=0.000). Conclusion Compared with traditional thoracotomy, thoracoscopic surgery is safer in the treatment of clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer. It recovers faster after operation and its long-term curative effect is satisfied.%目的：探讨胸腔镜微创手术治疗Ⅰ/Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效和安全性。方法82例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者采取倾向性评分法进行配对，选出60例患者，根据手术方式分为微创组和开胸组，两组各30例。比较两组围手术期的指标以及随访结果。结果观察组的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均明显小于对照组[(150.8±48.6) min vs (181.6±62.9) min，(162.6±138.5) ml vs (247.6±165.0) ml，(9.1±2.2) min vs (10.8±2.9) min， P<0.05]，两组的术中清扫淋巴结的组数与个数、术后引流时间、围手术期的死亡率及术后并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微创组的1年、3年局部复发率分别为3.3%、10.0%，而开胸组分别为6.7%、16.7%，两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.704)。微创组的3年、5年远处转移率分别为10.0%、23.3%，而开胸组分别为16.7%、26.7%，两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.766)。微创组的1年、3年生存率分别为90.8%、83.5%，而开胸组分别为75.8%、66.7%，微创组的长期生存率显著高于开胸组(P=0.000)。结论与传统开胸手术相比，胸腔镜微创手术治疗Ⅰ/Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的安全性更高，术后恢复快，远期疗效更满意。
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