Objective To investigate the protective effects of high and low flux hemodialysis on residual renal function (RRF) in uremic patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods Eighty-eight uremic patients with MHD who were admitted in the hospital between May 2012 and May 2014 were randomly divided into high flux group (high flux hemodialysis) and low flux group (low flux hemodialysis) by random number table method, with 44 patients in each group. All the patients were observed for six months. The retention time of RRF and RRF was com-pared between the two groups of patients. The levels of C reactive protein (CRP) were determined by immune turbi-dimetry, while the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was issued. Telephone or outpatient follow-up was performed till May 2015. The incidence of clinical outcome events was compared between the two groups of patients. Results After 6 months of dialysis, RRF in the high flux group was significantly higher than that in the low flux group [(1.02±0.41) mL/min vs (0.54±0.39) mL/min], and the retention time of RRF was significantly longer than that in the low flux group [(39.64 ± 12.06) months vs (21.06 ± 10.55) months]. After 6 months of dialysis, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-αin the high flux group were significantly lower than those in the low flux group [(9.26 ± 6.11) mg/L vs (17.32 ± 13.26) mg/L, (15.60±35.08) ng/L vs (46.08±56.32) ng/L, (4.09±1.13)μg/L vs (9.28±1.71)μg/L]. All the differences of indexes men-tioned above were significant (P<0.05). The scores of physical health, physical role function, mental health, physical pain, mental health and overall health of the high flux group were significantly higher than those of the low flux group [(61.27 ± 10.02) vs (55.67 ± 8.96), (45.96 ± 8.33) vs (34.82 ± 9.30), (69.85 ± 14.20) vs (61.38 ± 11.67), (76.32 ± 13.58) vs (56.20 ± 13.08), (49.31 ± 7.59) vs (42.52 ± 5.97), P<0.05]. The incidence of cardiovascular events in the high flux group [13.64%(6/44)] was significantly lower than that in the low flux group [31.82%(14/44)], P<0.05. Conclusion High flux hemodialysis can protect RRF, improve the micro-inflammatory state and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.%目的：探讨高、低通量血透对尿毒症维持性血透(MHD)患者残余肾功能(RRF)的保护作用。方法将2012年5月至2014年5月我院血液净化中心行MHD治疗的88例尿毒症MHD患者采用随机数表法分为高通量组(高通量血液透析)和低通量组(低通量血液透析)，每组各44例，均观察6个月；比较两组患者的RRF及RRF保留时间，采用免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白(CRP)水平，采用免疫酶联法测定白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平，发放健康状况简表(SF-36)评估生活质量；电话或门诊随访至2015年5月，比较两组患者的临床终点事件发生率。结果透析6个月后，高通量组患者的RRF显著高于低通量组[(1.02±0.41) mL/min vs (0.54±0.39) mL/min]，RRF保留时间明显长于低通量组[(39.64±12.06)个月vs (21.06±10.55)个月]；高通量组患者透析6个月后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α明显低于低通量组[(9.26±6.11) mg/L vs (17.32±13.26) mg/L、(15.60±5.08) ng/L vs (46.08±5.32) ng/L、(4.09±1.13)μg/L vs (9.28±1.71)μg/L]；以上各项指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；高通量组躯体健康[(61.27±10.02)分]、躯体角色功能[(45.96±8.33)分]、心理健康[(69.85±14.20)分]、躯体疼痛[(76.32±13.58)分]、总体健康评分[(49.31±7.59)分]均显著高于低通量组[(55.67±8.96)分、(34.82±9.30)分、(61.38±11.67)分、(56.20±13.08)分、(42.52±5.97)分]，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高通量组患者的心血管事件发生率为13.64%(6/44)，明显低于低通量组的31.82%(14/44)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高通量血液透析能够保护RRF，改善微炎症状态，降低心血管疾病发生率。
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