施肥对潮土肥际微域微生物数量分布的影响

摘要

To explore the quantitative distribution variation of soil microbes under different fertilization model,the distributions of soil microbes (bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes)in fertilizer microsites in fluvo-aquic soil were studied by a simulation experiment of soil columns.The results showed that the amount of soil microbes (bacterium,fungi and actinomycetes)in fertilizer microsites of single organic manure(OM)and 70% chemical fertilizer +30% organic manure (CFOM)were significantly increased, compared with the fertilizer microsites of chemical fertilizers (CF).The amount of bacterium and fungi sharply increased in the 0 ~ 1.0 cm and 0 ~ 2.0 cm profiles,while the actinomycetes in long-term no-fertilizer soils mainly increased in 0 ~ 1.0 cm profiles.And no significant variation of microbes amount were found in two soil materials without fertilizer.However,compared with the long-term application of chemical fertilizer,the amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in no-fertilized soil,respectively, increased by 57%,65% and 130%.Therefore,the long-term chemical fertilizers may through the change of soil physical,chemical and biological properties,which affect the growth of microorganisms.%为探明不同施肥模式下土壤肥际微域内微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌）的数量分布变化，采用土柱模拟方法，研究4种施肥模式下肥际微域内细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量分布特征。结果表明，与单施化肥相比较，有机肥、化肥与有机肥配施均明显增加土壤肥际微域内细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量；增加的细菌、真菌主要分布在0～1．0 cm 和0～2．0 cm 的肥际微域中；对长期不施肥的土壤，增加的放线菌集中在0～1．0 cm 肥际中。不施肥时，两种供试土壤的三类微生物数量无显著差异；但施用有机肥后，长期不施肥的潮土中的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量分别比长期施用化肥的土壤增高57％、65％和130％，说明长期施用化肥可能通过改变土壤理化生物性质，进而影响到微生物的生长繁殖。