贵州不同地区山苍子果实挥发油化学成分的差异

摘要

The chemical components and content of volatile oils extracted from L.cubeba of six different regions were detected by GC-MS and peak area normalization method to provide the scientific basis for development,utilization and protection of L.cubeba in Guizhou.The chemical components of volatile oil extracted from L.cubeba of Tongren,Zunyi,Kaili,Huaxi,Anshun,and Xifeng region are 11, 11,16,21,19 and 8,account for 72.86%,69.19%,92.88%,83.24%,78.97% and 77.93% of total volatile oil of different region respectively.The L.cubeba from Kaili region has the highest citral content (35.14%).The citronellal content of L.cubeba from Huaxi and Tongren region is 24.52% and 24.20%separately.The L.cubeba from Xifeng region has the highest D-limonene content (23.14%)and the L.cubeba from Kaili region has the highest geranial content (15.32%).The L.cubeba from different region has the own special components but caryophyllene oxide and farnesol components are not detected in Litsea cubeba of six regions.Therefore,L.cubeba should be rationally selected in medicinal and spice application according to the volatile oil characteristics because there are obvious differences in chemical component and content of volatile oil among six regions in Guizhou.%为贵州山苍子的开发利用和保护提供科学依据，通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取贵州花溪、息峰、凯里、铜仁、遵义和安顺6个地区的山苍子果实挥发油，采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其化学成分进行检测，通过计算机结合人工比对鉴定成分，采用峰面积归一化法测其含量。结果表明：铜仁、遵义、凯里、花溪、安顺、息烽地区的山苍子果实挥发油的化学成分分别有11种、11种、16种、21种、19种和8种，分别占各地区山苍子果实挥发油总量的72．86％、69．19％、92．88％、83．24％、78．97％和77．93％。其中，柠檬醛含量在凯里地区山苍子中最高，为35．14％；香茅醛在花溪、铜仁地区分别达24．52％、24．20％；D-柠檬烯在息烽地区最高，达23．14％；香叶醛在凯里地区最高，为15．32％。每个地区山苍子中均有特有成分，但山苍子中常见的石竹烯氧化物、金合欢醇在6个地区中均未发现。贵州不同地区山苍子果实挥发油化学成分及含量存在明显差异，应根据药用、香料等不同用途进行合理选择。