解魅礼物——读《礼物》、《礼物之谜》

摘要

Research of the exchange of present has been a main area to anthropologists.It is also named the economics in anthro-pology as its purpose of analyzing and contrasting present＇s changing status in various type of social and its role in people＇s com-munication.Lots of anthropologists and sociologists like Malinowski,Claude Lévi-Strauss and so on,have done related research about present.This article will illustrate that present plays an important role in social communication and the influence on modern development,through contrasting M.Marcel Mauss＇ gift and Maurice Godeliers＇ the secret of gift.%有关礼物交换的研究一直是人类学重要的研究领域,它旨在分析比较礼物在多种社会形态中的变化地位以及在社会关系中的重要作用,因而又被称为＂人类学中的经济学＂。包括马林诺夫斯基、列维斯特劳斯在内的众多人类学家、社会学家都曾系统的研究过这一问题。本文主要通过对比分析法国人类学家莫斯的《礼物》以及古德利尔的《礼物之谜》中有关礼物交换的理论,揭示了礼物这件日常生活中的小事在社会生活中发挥的重要功能,以期对现代社会发展所有的启迪。