电网设备用碳钢、镀锌钢和铜的大气腐蚀

摘要

Metal materials of power grid equipments serving in atmospheric environment are prone to be invalid caused by at-mospheric corrosion. Therefore,this paper summarizes laws and influencing factors of atmospheric corrosion for backup metal materials for typical power grid equipments including carbon steel,galvanized steel and copper. By analyzing corrosion dynamics,corrosion influencing factors and research method for atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel,galvanized steel and copper in atmospheric environment,it discovers that corrosion loss laws of three metal materials follow power function equa-tion,progress of atmospheric corrosion is mainly affected by natural environment and pollutants in the atmosphere and cor-rosion outcomes of metals in different atmospheric environment are obviously different. It also states two typical types of re-search methods for atmospheric corrosion and respective boundedness including field exposure test and indoor simulation and acceleration test. It thinks to correctly predict speed rate of atmospheric corrosion of metals by combining these two methods and help adopting specific anti-corrosion measures.%服役于大气环境中的电网设备，其金属材料易被大气腐蚀而失效，基于此，综述了典型电网设备用金属材料———碳钢、镀锌钢和铜的大气腐蚀规律和影响因素。通过分析碳钢、镀锌钢和铜在大气环境中的腐蚀动力学，腐蚀影响因素和大气腐蚀研究方法等，发现三种金属材料的腐蚀失重规律都遵循幂函数方程；其大气腐蚀进程主要受大气的自然环境和污染物种类的影响，金属在不同的大气环境下生成的腐蚀产物明显不同。在此基础上，阐述了现场暴晒试验和室内模拟加速试验两种典型大气腐蚀研究方法及其局限性，认为将二者结合能更准确的预测金属的大气腐蚀速率，有助于采取针对性的防腐措施。