Objective To understand the distribution and treatment of dental caries among primary school students in Shenzhen City, and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of dental caries of primary school students in Shenzhen City. Methods Using cluster sampling method, in the 10 districts of Shenzhen city, a total of 74 308 stu⁃dents in 63 primary school, were randomly selected and received examination of dental caries. Results Prevalence of caries was 15.7%. Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was 0.37 ± 0.18. Significant differences in age and gender distribution were found (P < 0.05). There is a correlation between prevalence of permanent teeth caries and age (P <0.05). Rate of pit and fissure sealant, filling in permanent teeth were 31.17%, 19.05%. Controlling age and gender fac⁃tors, significant differences between genders were found in rate of pit and fissure sealant, filling in permanent teeth ( P<0.05). Conclusion Prevention of dental caries for pupils in Shenzhen city needs to be strengthened.%目的：了解深圳市小学生恒牙龋病分布及治疗现状，为深圳市小学生恒牙龋病防治提供参考。方法运用整群随机抽样方法，在深圳市10个区中随机抽取63所小学，合计74308名在校学生，进行患龋情况调查。结果小学生恒牙患龋率为15.7%，龋均为0.37±0.18；不同性别、不同年龄组间的恒牙患龋率差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；恒牙患龋率与学生年龄之间存在关联性（P<0.05）；小学生窝沟封闭率、恒牙龋充填率分别为31.17%、19.05%；控制年龄因素后恒牙龋充填率（c2=12.897，P<0.001）和窝沟封闭率（c2=5.659，P =0.017）的性别差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论深圳市小学生的龋齿预防需要加强。
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