张掖市东环路湿地景观设计与生态效果分析

摘要

Urban wetland is a major close-to-nature component of urban landscape.It is important to harmonize the relations among ecological and economic,cultural functions in urban wetland landscaping.The landscape design of natural reed wetland along Donghuan Road in Zhangye City was studied by using the principles of landscape ecology and wetland landscape construction,and combining with the history footsteps and natural features in Zhangye City in order to achieve the landscape of ＂reed shadows in shallow creeks＂ and create an oasis city landscape in northwestern China.The results showed that the average density,plant height and aboveground biomass of reeds increased by 31.29%,16.27% and 21.83% respectively.The decontamination capability was improved to some extent,and the ability order in different season was summerautumnspringwinter.In the vigorous growth period of reed in summer,the rates of decontamination capability to COD,TN,NH4＋-N and TP reached 67.70%,80.96%,68.38% and 66.25% respectively.%城市天然湿地是城市景观单元中最重要的近自然空间,在城市湿地景观设计中协调湿地的自然生态功能与经济、文化功能之间的关系,成为城市景观生态建设的重要内容。研究针对张掖市东环路天然芦苇湿地改造规划项目,运用景观生态学原理,遵循城市湿地景观建设的原则,依据历史足迹和自然特色,以＂苇影浅溪＂为主题,通过湿地＂点、线、面＂的有机结合,营造出具有西北荒漠绿洲城市特有的芦苇湿地景观,成为城市污水处理及观光、休憩、健身、垂钓等活动的重要场所。对建成后的芦苇湿地景观带芦苇生长动态和水质分析结果表明,芦苇密度、株高和地上部生物量分别增加了31.29%、16.27%和21.83%;对水体污染物的去除能力表现出夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季的规律,在夏季芦苇旺盛生长时期,对COD、TN、NH4＋-N和TP的去除率分别达到67.70%、80.96%、68.38%和66.25%。