玉米专用菌肥研制及其部分替代化肥施用对玉米生长的影响

摘要

Based on the test of phosphate dissolving,nitrogenase activity,3-indoleacetic acid (IAA)secreting and growth rate,seven plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)strains were selected and the maize spe-cialized biofertilizer was produced by mixing these strains.Field experiment was aimed to develop biofertilizer and replacing 15% to 30% of chemical fertilizer for maize in 2013,and measure its effect on leaf area of maize compared with chemical fertilizer.The result showed that the quality of the maize specialized biofertilizer com-plied with The Standard of Microbiological Fertilizer of China (NY227-94).The treatments of combination of biofertilizer and replacing 15% to 30% of chemical fertilizer,the leaf area of maize showed that the rank of leaf area was the normal fertilizer (A)> bio-bacterial fertilizer + 85% fertilizer(B)> bio-bacterial fertilizer +70%fertilizer(C)> normal bio-bacterial fertilizer (D)> no fertilizer(E)before anthesis stage of maize,the rank of leaf area was B > A > C > D > E after anthesis.The effect of dry matter accumulation was the same as the effect for the leaf area.For economical yield ,the treatment B was significantly higher than other treat-ments (P <0.05),a significant increase of 2.7% compared to the normal fertilizer ;There were no significant difference in the hay yield between treatments A,B,C ,the rank was B> A> C,the treatment B increase of 2. 1% compared to normal fertilizer;Treatment C has declined compared with A on hay yield and economical yield ,but the difference was not significant.%通过对前期分离自玉米根际优良促生菌(PGPR)菌株生长速度、固氮酶活性、溶磷量及分泌IAA 能力的测定,筛选获得7株优良 PGPR 菌株,将其制成玉米专用菌肥,于2013年进行田间试验,测定菌肥配施化肥对玉米叶面积与干物质积累的影响。结果表明,研制的玉米专用菌肥符合《微生物肥料》NY227-94标准。菌肥配施化肥减量15%~30%,在开花期前对玉米单株叶面积影响表现为全量化肥(A)>85%化肥+菌肥处理(B)>70%化肥+菌肥(C)>100%菌肥(D)>不施肥(E)；开花期后表现为：B>A>C>D>E。对干物质积累量影响在开花期前表现为：A>B>C>D>E,开花期后表现为：B>A>C>D>E。在玉米整个生育期菌肥配施减量化肥对玉米叶面积和干物质积累的影响变化是一致的。成熟期经济产量表现为：处理 B 显著高于其他处理(P <0.05),比全量化肥显著提高2.7%；干草产量处理 A、B、C 间差异不显著,表现为：B>A>C,处理 B 比全量化肥干草产量提高2.1%；经济产量及干草产量处理 C 与 A 相比均有所下降,但差异不显著。