获得美国科学与工程博士学位的中国留学生回流状况分析

摘要

The training, retaining and attracting young and high-quality doctors in science and engineering is the main battleifeld between states. Based upon statistical data from various data sources, this paper describes and analyzes the trend of returning to China of high-quality overseas professionals since 1990s, and points out that after 2008 there has been a decrease in 5-years stay rate of Chinese doctorate recipients in S&E from U.S. universities, which is contrary to the situation in Japan, South Korea and Brazil, and that at the same time, U.S. has been keeping its strong attraction to high-quality overseas professionals form all the countries around the world. Furthermore, the paper gives policy suggestions on reinforcing China’s competiveness to young high-quality overseas professionals.%获得科学和工程（S&E）博士学位的高素质人才，历来是国际人才竞争的主要对象。基于多方面统计数据，对获得美国 S&E 博士学位的中国留学生在美国滞留及回流中国的现状及趋势进行介绍和分析，得出：2008 年金融危机后，美国对全球高层次人才的吸引力在总体上得到进一步增强；我国S&E 博士学位获得者滞留美国的比例有所下降，呈现出不同于日本、韩国、巴西等其他国家的情形。建议我国在制定下一阶段人才吸引政策时，着重关注尚处于职业发展初期的、年轻且仍然滞留海外的博士学位获得者。