提以济南市土壤为研究对象，采用R−2.6.1程序、半方差函数模型和因子分析法对区内土壤元素含量统计特征、结构特征和分布特征进行了分析研究，并对土壤环境质量进行评价。结果表明：研究区土壤中多数元素含量总体受自然空间格局控制，但人类活动对市区土壤Cd、Hg、Pb、Se、As、pH值等元素(指标)含量有明显影响，表层土壤pH值呈现从外围向市区中心增加的碱化趋势；盛行风向对表层土壤重金属的分布叠加也产生影响，沿顺风向产生漂移。受人类活动(主要为工业污染)历史长短及强度的不同，济南市区、历城区和章丘市总体为轻度污染，局部存在Hg、Cu、Cr、Cd等中度或重度污染，污染区分布与各类工业空间布局相吻合，而长清、济阳土壤环境质量较好，总体属警戒限级。按土壤综合污染指数排序，土壤综合环境质量从优到劣为济阳>长清>章丘>历城>市区。%Taking the soil of Jinan as the study object, the authors used software R−2.6.1, semivariance function model and factor analysis methods to study the characteristics, structures and distribution of elements content, and evaluated soil environment quality. According to the results achieved, the majority of soil elements in the study area are controlled by natural factors; nevertheless, indicators like Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, As and pH in urban soils are impacted by human activities significantly, pH values in surface soil exhibit an increasing trend (alkalization trend) from the periphery to the urban center, and prevailing wind, which drifts in the downwind direction, also has an impact on the distribution superimposition of heavy metals in surface soils. Influenced by different time spans and intensities of human activities (mainly industrial pollution), the soil environment quality of Jinan urban area, Licheng district and Zhangqiu are generally lightly polluted, with local areas moderately or severely polluted by Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd, and the pattern of the pollution distribution is consistent with the layout of the industrial areas;however, the soil environmental quality of Changqing and Jiyang are farily good, generally within the warning limits. According to the soil comprehensive environmental n quality indices, the soil quality becomes gradually worsen in order of Jiyang (0.73), Changqing (0.82), Zhangqiu (0.95), Licheng (1.03), urban area (1.10).
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